A 30-year Build-Own-Operate agreement converts Hillsborough County's ~2,545 TPD of addressable manufacturing feedstock into a net revenue-positive position from Year 2, at zero county capital expenditure.
What This Means
Proposal Summary — Five Points
- What Carbotura offers: A privately financed, Build-Own-Operate ACM facility receiving up to 2,000 TPD of county feedstock at full scale. Carbotura's SPV funds, builds, and operates the facility. Hillsborough County's sole financial obligation is the per-ton TMC Fee — no capital exposure, no construction debt, no operating liability.
- What the County commits: A 30-year Commercial Offtake Agreement (COA) for feedstock supply at $100/ton starting TMC Fee (escalating at 2.5%/year). No franchise amendment required — feedstock is supplied commercially, analogous to scrap metal or recovered fiber supply contracts.
- What the County receives: Circular Royalty payments beginning 13 months after first feedstock delivery, starting at 120% of the Year 1 TMC Fee per ton and escalating 1 percentage point per year. At Phase Initial run-rate (400 TPD), the royalty produces a net positive fiscal position of +$17.50/ton from Year 2 — a position that compounds annually for 30 years.
- Scale pathway: Three phases — 400 / 800 / 2,000 TPD — with each phase independently financeable and operationally self-contained. Phase Expanded at 2,000 TPD requires no county policy change; it draws on commercially available regional feedstock via CSX rail.
- Decision window: Community Feasibility Study must be authorized by Q3 2026 to maintain Phase Initial COD of Q2 2028. Every quarter of delay compresses the construction schedule and extends the period during which avoidable disposal costs accumulate.
Commercial Structure and Decision Window
The COA — Mutual Commitments
| Party | Commitment | Term / Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Hillsborough County | Deliver feedstock to ACM facility per COA schedule | 30 years from Phase Initial COD |
| Hillsborough County | Pay TMC Fee per ton delivered | $100/ton at inception, +2.5%/year |
| Carbotura SPV | Accept all feedstock streams per COA specification | MSW, ash, biosolids, tires — all ACM-capable |
| Carbotura SPV | Design, finance, build, and operate ACM facility | Zero county capex — BOO structure |
| Carbotura SPV | Pay Circular Royalty commencing Month 13 | 120% of Year 1 TMC, +1pp/year |
| Carbotura SPV | Maintain facility to COA performance standards | Full 30-year term |
Decision Window
Phase Initial COD is targeted for Q2 2028, based on a T0 of Q2 2026 (Community Feasibility Study completion) and Carbotura's standard 24-month construction schedule. Authorization of the Community Feasibility Study must occur by Q3 2026 to hold this schedule. Each quarter of delay after Q3 2026 shifts the COD by an equivalent quarter — and extends the pre-royalty period during which the county pays TMC Fee without receiving royalty. At Phase Initial volume (146,000 TPY), a single quarter of delay costs the county approximately $1.4M in avoidable disposal costs at current FWDC rates compared to what could otherwise be displaced by the TMC Fee.
Executive Implications
- The BOO structure means Hillsborough County receives the economic benefits of an industrial facility — processing, royalty income, jobs — without any of the capital, construction, or operational risk that would accompany a public procurement.
- The COA is a commercial supply agreement, not a disposal franchise amendment. It does not require changes to the county's franchise hauler arrangements or inter-county waste management agreements.
- The Q3 2026 Feasibility Study authorization is the only county action required to preserve the Q2 2028 Phase Initial COD. It is a low-commitment, information-gathering step — not a contract execution.
Deployment Architecture
§2.1 — Phase Configuration
| Phase | TPD | Modules | Annual Feedstock | % of Hillsborough Addressable | COD Target | Source Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase Initial | 400 | 4 | 146,000 TPY | 24% of Hillsborough County alone | Q2 2028 | ESTIMATED |
| Phase Medium | 800 | 8 | 292,000 TPY | 48% of Hillsborough County alone | Q4 2029 | ESTIMATED |
| Phase Expanded | 2,000 | 20 | 730,000 TPY | 79% of total regional addressable | Q2 2031 | ESTIMATED |
Module count: ceil(TPD/100). Phase Expanded draws on Hillsborough County + Pasco County + regional commercial/industrial streams via CSX Wildwood Subdivision.
§2.2 — Build-Own-Operate Capital Structure
Hillsborough County's sole financial commitment under the COA is the per-ton TMC Fee on feedstock delivered. The Carbotura SPV provides all project capital. The county bears zero construction debt, zero facility operating liability, and zero residual stream management responsibility.
| Capital Element | Phase Initial (400 TPD) | Phase Expanded (2,000 TPD) | Provider |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total CapEx | $247,500,000 | $1,167,500,000 | Carbotura SPV |
| Senior Debt (65%) | $160,875,000 | $758,875,000 | Institutional lenders |
| Grant / Concessional (15%) | $37,125,000 | $175,125,000 | Federal / state programs (conservative basis) |
| Equity (20%) | $49,500,000 | $233,500,000 | Carbotura investors |
| County contribution | $0 | $0 | N/A |
CapEx: $75M first 100 TPD module + $57.5M per additional 100 TPD module. Capital structure: Carbotura standard parameters. US GAAP accounting standard.
§2.3 — Feedstock Stream Coverage by Phase
| Stream | Phase Initial | Phase Medium | Phase Expanded | Access Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unsorted MSW — Hillsborough County | ✓ Primary | ✓ Primary | ✓ Core | IMMEDIATE |
| WTE Combustion Ash | ✓ Secondary | ✓ | ✓ | IMMEDIATE |
| Tires | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | IMMEDIATE |
| Biosolids / Sludge | — | ✓ Added | ✓ | CONDITIONAL |
| Pasco County MSW (CSX rail) | — | — | ✓ Added | CONDITIONAL |
| Regional Commercial / Industrial | — | — | ✓ Supplemental | CONDITIONAL |
§2.4 — Site Candidate Analysis
Three priority candidate zones evaluated on acreage, zoning, rail access, logistics, and proximity to primary feedstock sources. Click a zone card to locate on map.
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SE County Landfill: ~24 mi via US-301 S (~28 min)
NW County SW Facility: ~34 mi via I-75 S (~38 min)
South County SW Facility: ~36 mi via US-301/I-75
SE County Landfill: ~18 mi via SR-39 S (~22 min)
NW County SW Facility: ~30 mi via I-75 S (~34 min)
South County SW Facility: ~29 mi via I-75 N/US-41
SE County Landfill: ~17 mi via US-301 S (~21 min)
NW County SW Facility: ~36 mi via I-4 W/I-275 N (~41 min)
South County SW Facility: ~27 mi via I-75 N (~30 min)
Sources: dcbusinesscenter.com; pascoedc.com; plantcitygov.com; hcfl.gov; Google Places March 2026. Driving distances estimated via US-301/I-75/I-4 corridors.
| Priority | Zone | Acreage | Zoning | Land Authority | Co-location Advantage | Key Consideration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | Dade City Business Center | 355 ac | Heavy Industrial (current) | Private / Pasco County | CSX rail through property; onsite water; no rezoning; 355 ac expandable | Pasco County jurisdiction — commercial COA governs |
| P2 | Zephyrhills Industrial Corridor | ~111 ac+ | Industrial (Ready Site) | City of Zephyrhills / Pasco EDC | Pre-permitted Ready Site; I-75/SR-54 access; WTE adjacent feedstock | Rail spur development required (~3 mi) |
| P3 | Plant City Industrial Zone | 50–150 ac | Heavy/Light Industrial | City of Plant City / Hillsborough County | Within county; CSX rail yard adjacent; I-4 direct to Tampa | Site assembly likely required; urban interface constraints |
Dade City Business Center is the leading candidate. It is the only identified site with active CSX freight rail through the property, 355 acres of immediately available heavy-industrial-zoned land, and onsite water and treatment infrastructure. No rezoning is required. The Carbotura ACM facility receives feedstock under a commercial COA — the same legal structure as a scrap metal processor or aggregate manufacturer receiving multi-county raw material supply. The Pasco County industrial siting process is a standard permitting matter, not a policy constraint.
§2.5 — Phase Initial Feedstock Sufficiency
Phase Initial requires 400 TPD (146,000 TPY). The immediately accessible streams in Hillsborough County — unsorted MSW overflow, WTE combustion ash (~360 TPD), and commercial tires (~25 TPD) — provide ~1,585 TPD of IMMEDIATE-access feedstock. Phase Initial represents just 25% of this available base. No new franchise agreement, no inter-county compact, and no third-party commercial negotiation is required to execute Phase Initial.
Economic Structure — TMC Fee
FWDC Planning Basis
The Full Weighted Disposal Cost (FWDC) for Hillsborough County is modeled at approximately $95/ton — a volume-weighted blend of verified component disposal rates. The primary rate — processable MSW delivered to Reworld™ RRF — is confirmed at $110/ton (municipal rate, effective October 1, 2024). Non-processable MSW to the Southeast County Landfill is confirmed at $58/ton. Tire disposal is confirmed at $211/ton. Biosolids composting is confirmed at $30.89/ton. All component rates are VERIFIED; the volume weighting applied to derive the blended FWDC is MODELED.
TMC Fee Formula
The floor applies because FWDC − $5 ($90/ton) falls below the $100/ton minimum. The TMC Fee is therefore at the formula floor — the county pays less per ton for ACM processing than its verified WTE processable disposal rate of $110/ton from inception.
Annual Obligation by Phase
| Phase | TPD | Annual TPY | Year 1 TMC/ton | Year 1 Annual Obligation | Year 5 TMC/ton | Year 5 Annual Obligation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase Initial | 400 | 146,000 | $100.00 | $14,600,000 | $110.38 | $16,115,480 |
| Phase Medium | 800 | 292,000 | $100.00 | $29,200,000 | $110.38 | $32,230,960 |
| Phase Expanded | 2,000 | 730,000 | $100.00 | $73,000,000 | $110.38 | $80,577,400 |
TMC Fee escalation: 2.5%/year (Carbotura standard parameters). Year 5 = $100 × (1.025)^4 = $110.38/ton. ESTIMATED annual obligations.
FWDC is MODELED at $95/ton. The primary disposal rate is VERIFIED at $110/ton (municipal processable MSW, effective October 1, 2024, Hillsborough County Solid Waste Rate Resolution). Volume weights applied to derive the blended FWDC are ESTIMATED. The TMC Fee floor of $100/ton applies regardless of FWDC — if the verified blended FWDC were confirmed above $105/ton, the formula would produce a TMC Fee above the floor.
Gross cost displacement is quantified separately from Circular Royalty cash flow. Full net fiscal position reflects both.
Circular Royalty
Circular Royalty payments begin 13 months after corresponding TMC Fee payments and ramp to full run-rate on a rolling basis.
At steady state, the Circular Royalty is designed to exceed the TMC Fee on a per-ton basis.
Gross cost displacement is quantified separately from Circular Royalty cash flow. Full net fiscal position reflects both.
Formula and Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Base Royalty Rate (Year 1 basis) | 120% of Year 1 TMC Fee | Carbotura standard parameters |
| Royalty Escalator | +1 percentage point per year | Carbotura standard parameters |
| TMC Fee Escalator | +2.5% per year | Carbotura standard parameters |
| Payment Lag | 13 months after corresponding TMC Fee payment | Fixed — rolling basis |
| Royalty Structure | Rolling lagged cash flow | Fixed |
| COA Term | 30 years from Phase Initial COD | Fixed |
Mandatory Fiscal Period Distinction
| Period | Timing | County Pays | County Receives | Net per Ton |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Royalty | Months 1–12 after first feedstock delivery | TMC Fee ($100.00/ton) | $0 Royalty | −$100.00/ton |
| Royalty Ramp | Month 13 → Month 24 (approx.) | TMC Fee (~$102.50/ton escalated) | Royalty begins at $120.00/ton (120% × Yr1 TMC) | +$17.50/ton |
| Steady State | Year 2 onward — compounding annually | TMC Fee (escalating 2.5%/yr) | Royalty (escalating faster: +rate + volume) | Growing — see table below |
During the first 12 months following first feedstock delivery (estimated from Phase Initial COD Q2 2028 through Q2 2029), Hillsborough County pays the TMC Fee and receives zero Circular Royalty. This is the pre-royalty period. The first Circular Royalty payment is received in July 2029 — 13 months after the Q2 2028 COD. This period represents a known and planned fiscal structure, not a performance shortfall.
Year-by-Year Cash Flow — Phase Initial (400 TPD / 146,000 TPY)
| Year | TMC Fee/ton | Annual TMC (county pays) | Royalty Rate | Royalty/ton | Annual Royalty (county receives) | Net Position/ton | Annual Net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $100.00 | $14,600,000 | — | $0 | $0 | −$100.00 | −$14,600,000 |
| 2 | $102.50 | $14,965,000 | 120% | $120.00 | $17,520,000 | +$17.50 | +$2,555,000 |
| 5 | $110.38 | $16,115,480 | 123% | $132.46 | $19,339,160 | +$22.08 | +$3,223,680 |
| 10 | $124.89 | $18,233,940 | 128% | $155.95 | $22,768,700 | +$31.06 | +$4,534,760 |
| 20 | $163.86 | $23,923,560 | 138% | $220.61 | $32,209,060 | +$56.75 | +$8,285,500 |
| 30 | $204.64 | $29,877,440 | 148% | $295.48 | $43,140,080 | +$90.84 | +$13,262,640 |
Royalty/ton in Year n applies prior year's TMC as base: Royalty(Yr2)/ton = 120% × $100 = $120.00. Year 5 Royalty = 123% × $100×(1.025)^3 = 123% × $107.69 = $132.46. All ESTIMATED. US GAAP accounting standard.
Annual Cash Flow by Phase — Phase Expanded Full Build-Out (2,000 TPD)
| Year | TMC Fee/ton | Annual TMC — Phase Expanded | Royalty/ton | Annual Royalty | Net Annual Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $100.00 | $73,000,000 | $0 | $0 | −$73,000,000 |
| 2 | $102.50 | $74,825,000 | $120.00 | $87,600,000 | +$12,775,000 |
| 10 | $124.89 | $91,169,700 | $155.95 | $113,843,500 | +$22,673,800 |
| 30 | $204.64 | $149,387,200 | $295.48 | $215,700,400 | +$66,313,200 |
Phase Expanded: 2,000 TPD × 365 = 730,000 TPY. All ESTIMATED. US GAAP accounting standard applies.
Risk Register
| Risk | Key Driver | Bears Risk | Mitigation | Residual Exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FWDC verification | Blended $95/ton is MODELED; component rates are VERIFIED | Hillsborough County (pricing impact) | Feasibility Study confirms blended FWDC; TMC Fee floor at $100/ton is independent of FWDC | Low — floor protects SPV; county already pays $110/ton for primary stream |
| Technology performance | ACM throughput and output quality must meet COA specification | Carbotura SPV (operational) | Performance guarantees in COA; SPV bears operating cost overruns; county payment tied to delivered volume only | Low to county — SPV absorbs operational risk |
| Timeline slippage | Permitting, construction, or supply chain delays | Carbotura SPV (construction) | Carbotura standard 24-month schedule has been achieved across prior deployments; DCBC site is pre-approved | Moderate — delays extend pre-royalty period; every quarter = ~$1.4M additional avoidable cost (Phase Initial) |
| Third-party contract constraints | Biosolids (Phase Medium) under existing composting arrangement at SE Landfill | Hillsborough County (supply) | Phase Initial and Medium are fully executable from IMMEDIATE-access streams; biosolids added as Phase Medium supplement; parallel negotiation begins at Feasibility Study | Low — Phase Initial unaffected; Phase Medium timeline manageable |
| Competitive procurement | County may receive competing waste management proposals | Hillsborough County (process) | COA is a commercial supply agreement — county retains full procurement authority; Carbotura's value position is verified on disposal cost data | Low to county — competitive process is beneficial to public interest |
| Residual stream management | ACM process outputs require industrial offtake markets | Carbotura SPV (commercial) | Graphite, graphene, hydrogen, ultrapure water have established industrial markets; output risk not borne by county | Zero to county — SPV manages output commercialization entirely |
| PFAS / emerging contaminants | Florida biosolids regulation may tighten under federal PFAS standards | Regulatory / shared | ACM thermomechanical conversion destroys organic contaminants including PFAS at processing temperatures; positions county ahead of tightening biosolids rules | Low — ACM is a compliance advantage, not a liability |
| Phase Expanded feedstock sufficiency | Regional commercial feedstock (Pasco + C&I) requires commercial COA negotiation | Carbotura SPV (commercial sourcing) | Phase Expanded does not commence until Phase Medium demonstrates regional demand signal; commercial supply agreements standard in manufacturing sector | Low — Phase Initial and Medium fully Hillsborough County-native |
Deployment Timeline
| Milestone | Target Date | Party Responsible | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ⚡ Feasibility Study Authorization | Q3 2026 | Hillsborough County | PROCUREMENT DECISION WINDOW — latest date to hold Q2 2028 Phase Initial COD |
| Community Feasibility Study completion | Q4 2026 / Q1 2027 | Carbotura + County | T0 assumed Q2 2026; study duration 3 months |
| COA negotiation and execution | Q1–Q2 2027 | Both parties | Commercial supply agreement; legal review |
| Phase Initial site permitting (Pasco County) | Q2–Q4 2026 | Carbotura SPV | DCBC pre-approved heavy industrial; parallel with Feasibility Study |
| Phase Initial construction start | Q4 2026 | Carbotura SPV | T0 + 6 months |
| Phase Initial COD | Q2 2028 | Carbotura SPV | T0 + 24 months — first feedstock delivery |
| Pre-royalty period | Q2 2028 – Q2 2029 | — | 12 months; county pays TMC Fee, receives $0 royalty |
| ⭐ First Circular Royalty Payment | July 2029 | Carbotura SPV → County | T0 + 37 months; 13 months after Phase Initial COD |
| Phase Medium full operations | Q4 2029 | Carbotura SPV | T0 + 42 months; +400 TPD |
| Phase Expanded full operations | Q2 2031 | Carbotura SPV | T0 + 60 months; +1,200 TPD to 2,000 TPD total |
| COA term end | Q2 2058 | Both parties | 30 years from Phase Initial COD |
Carbotura standard deployment schedule. T0 = Q2 2026 (assumed). All dates ESTIMATED pending Feasibility Study confirmation.
Community Value Stack
County Fiscal Effects
| Fiscal Effect | Phase Initial | Phase Expanded | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gross cost displacement (TMC Fee vs. FWDC) | ~$1.5M/yr (Year 1 at $110/ton FWDC vs. $100/ton TMC) | ~$7.3M/yr (Year 1 at full scale) | ESTIMATED |
| Circular Royalty — Year 2 onset | +$17,520,000/yr at $120/ton | +$87,600,000/yr at $120/ton | ESTIMATED |
| Net fiscal position — Year 2 | +$2,555,000/yr | +$12,775,000/yr | ESTIMATED |
| Net fiscal position — Year 30 | +$13,262,640/yr | +$66,313,200/yr | ESTIMATED |
| Cumulative royalty — 30 years (Phase Initial) | ~$180,000,000 | ~$900,000,000 (Phase Expanded) | ESTIMATED |
| Avoided landfill cell capital | Material — landfill cells deferred; quantum subject to Feasibility Study | Material | ESTIMATED |
Regional Economic Effects
| Economic Effect | Phase Initial | Phase Expanded | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct FTE employment | ~35 jobs | ~155 jobs | ESTIMATED |
| Indirect / induced jobs | ~105 | ~465 | ESTIMATED |
| Annual economic impact | ~$18.5M/yr | ~$92.5M/yr | ESTIMATED |
| Industrial outputs to Tampa Bay market | Graphite, graphene, hydrogen, ultrapure water | Same — scaled | ACM standard |
| Construction employment | ~180 construction-phase jobs (2-year period) | ~750 cumulative | ESTIMATED |
Economic impact figures scaled from Carbotura standard 400 TPD baseline parameters. Regional multipliers applied. ESTIMATED.
Why This Works in Hillsborough County
Six structural conditions make Hillsborough County an exceptionally aligned opportunity for ACM deployment.
| # | Alignment Factor | Hillsborough County Specific Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Volume alignment | ~2,545 TPD total addressable across six identified streams — 3.96× Phase Initial commitment available without third-party negotiation. Phase Expanded at 2,000 TPD is 79% of total regional addressable, with rail connectivity enabling broader Tampa Bay regional sourcing. |
| 2 | Infrastructure alignment | The Dade City Business Center (P1) provides 355 acres of pre-approved heavy industrial land with active CSX Wildwood Subdivision freight rail through the property. The existing transfer station network (5 CCCs, 4 transfer stations) provides a ready haul infrastructure requiring no county capital investment. The P1 site is 28 miles from the RRF via I-75 — a standard commercial haul distance. |
| 3 | Contract timing alignment | The Southeast County Landfill is actively expanding cells to address a 38% single-year tonnage surge (2024). The Solid Waste Master Plan extends to 2065 — matching the 30-year COA term exactly. No competing infrastructure is in permitting. The Q3 2026 Feasibility Study authorization preserves Q2 2028 Phase Initial COD. |
| 4 | Policy alignment | The Hillsborough County Comprehensive Plan Solid Waste section explicitly prioritizes waste reduction, reuse, recycling/composting, and energy recovery over landfilling. ACM advances the adopted county policy hierarchy without requiring a policy amendment. Florida's WTE-positive policy framework further reduces institutional resistance. |
| 5 | Regulatory driver | Florida DEP Chapter 62-701 enforcement is active and documented in Hillsborough County (Raleigh Street Dump Superfund, Hartford Street unpermitted dumping). Tightening federal PFAS standards will increase biosolids disposal costs; ACM thermomechanical conversion destroys PFAS at processing temperatures. Regulatory pressure is structural and one-directional — it increases the cost of the status quo, not the cost of ACM. |
| 6 | Economics specificity | The TMC Fee is calibrated to Hillsborough County's own verified disposal cost data — $110/ton processable MSW (municipal rate, October 2024 Rate Resolution). The $100/ton TMC Fee is below the county's own published primary disposal rate from Year 1, without any royalty benefit factored in. The economic case rests on the county's own numbers. |
All State B values locked from this Proposal. EIR must use these values verbatim. No independent derivation permitted.
| Parameter | State B Value | Source Type | Section Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase Initial capacity | 400 TPD / 146,000 TPY | ESTIMATED | §2.1 |
| Phase Medium capacity | 800 TPD / 292,000 TPY | ESTIMATED | §2.1 |
| Phase Expanded capacity | 2,000 TPD / 730,000 TPY | ESTIMATED | §2.1 |
| Phase Initial COD | Q2 2028 | ESTIMATED | §2.1 / §6 |
| Phase Medium COD | Q4 2029 | ESTIMATED | §6 |
| Phase Expanded COD | Q2 2031 | ESTIMATED | §6 |
| TMC Fee Year 1 | $100.00/ton | ESTIMATED | §3 |
| TMC Fee escalator | 2.5%/year | Carbotura standard | §3 |
| Circular Royalty base rate | 120% of Year 1 TMC | Carbotura standard | §4 |
| Royalty escalator | +1 percentage point/year | Carbotura standard | §4 |
| Royalty payment lag | 13 months | Fixed | §4 |
| First royalty payment | July 2029 | ESTIMATED | §4 / §6 |
| Net county position Year 1 | −$100.00/ton | ESTIMATED | §4 |
| Net county position Year 2 | +$17.50/ton | ESTIMATED | §4 |
| Net county position Year 30 | +$90.84/ton | ESTIMATED | §4 |
| Phase Initial total CapEx | $247,500,000 | Carbotura standard | §2.2 |
| Full program CapEx | $1,167,500,000 | Carbotura standard | §2.2 |
| COA term | 30 years | Fixed | §1 |
| County capex contribution | $0 | Fixed — BOO structure | §2.2 |
| Accounting standard | US GAAP | Fixed — US jurisdiction | Registry §A |
| Priority 1 site | Dade City Business Center, 15486 US-301, Dade City, FL 33523 | VERIFIED | §2.4 |
| Site rail | CSX Wildwood Subdivision (active freight) | VERIFIED | §2.4 |
| Phase Initial direct FTE | ~35 | ESTIMATED | §7 |
| Phase Expanded direct FTE | ~155 | ESTIMATED | §7 |
Data Basis
| Figure | Value | Source | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| TMC Fee Year 1 | $100/ton | Carbotura formula floor applied to FWDC $95/ton | ESTIMATED |
| FWDC planning basis | $95/ton | Modeled from VERIFIED county rate schedule, Oct 2024 | MODELED |
| Processable MSW rate (municipal) | $110/ton | Hillsborough County Solid Waste Rate Resolution, Oct 1, 2024 | VERIFIED |
| Phase Initial CapEx | $247.5M | Carbotura standard: $75M first module + 3×$57.5M | Carbotura standard |
| Royalty Year 2/ton (Phase Initial) | $120.00 | 120% × $100 Year 1 TMC | ESTIMATED |
| Phase Initial COD | Q2 2028 | Carbotura standard schedule from T0 Q2 2026 | ESTIMATED |
| P1 site — rail access | CSX Wildwood Subdivision | dcbusinesscenter.com / Dade City Wikipedia (March 2026) | VERIFIED |
| P1 site — acreage/zoning | 355 acres, Heavy Industrial | dcbusinesscenter.com (March 2026) | VERIFIED |
| Cumulative 30-yr royalty (Phase Initial) | ~$180M | Carbotura royalty model — discounted and nominal; ESTIMATED | ESTIMATED |